多硝基3,3,7,7-四（三氟甲基）-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷的合成与性能

为了探索三氟甲基对含能材料性能的影响,以偕二氨基六氟丙烷和乙二醛为原料构建了氮杂稠环类含能材料的硝化前体——3,3,7,7-四(三氟甲基)-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷,通过改进的合成路线,用发烟硝酸多步硝化分别得到2,6-二硝基-3,3,7,7-四(三氟甲基)-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷(4)、2,4,6-三硝基-3,3,7,7-四(三氟甲基)-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷(5)和2,4,6,8-四硝基6-3,3,7,7-四(三氟甲基)-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷(6)。利用核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和氮谱表征了产物结构;采用排惰性气体法测试了三种硝化产物的密度,其中6的密度最大,高达2.08 g·cm~(-3);分别用落锤升降法和BAM法测得三种产物的撞击感度均大于30 J、摩擦感度均大于360 N;热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)分析发现三种产物的质量损失均大于90%,其热稳定性随硝基的增加而下降;利用Gaussian 09计算包,通过Monte-Carlo统计学方法以及Kamlet-Jacbos方程和VLW爆轰产物状态方程等理论模型预估了产物的爆速、爆压,其中化合物6的爆速为1 1937 m·s~(-1),爆压为74.3 GPa。与四硝基甘脲(TNGU)的性能及感度对比发现,在含能材料的分子结构中引入具有更高密度和更大电负性的三氟甲基,可在维持较高密度和良好爆轰性能的同时降低感度。     

A Case Report of Germline Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the BRCA1 Gene of an Ovarian and Breast Cancer Patient

The germline carrier of the BRCA1 pathogenic mutation has been well proven to confer an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Despite BRCA1 biallelic pathogenic mutations being extremely rare, they have been reported to be embryonically lethal or to cause Fanconi anemia (FA). Here we describe a patient who was a 48-year-old female identified with biallelic pathogenic mutations of the BRCA1 gene, with no or very subtle FA-features. She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and breast cancer at the ages of 43 and 44 and had a strong family history of breast and gynecological cancers.     

Analysis of chemical compounds and toxicological evaluation of Forsythia suspensa leaves tea

To determine the compositions of Forsythia suspensa leaves tea (FSLT) and its safety, the chemical compounds were analysed with some methods, and the toxicity was evaluated in Kunming mice and Wistar rats. The results showed that FSLT contained rich flavonoid, lignans, triperpene acids, amino acids, and mineral elements. In the acute toxicity study, none of the mice died, and no obvious poisoning symptoms were observed after 14 days in mice at the dose of 15 mg/g·body weight (bw) FSLT; in the sub-chronic toxicity, no abnormal or dead rat was found at the dose of 1, 3, and 10 mg/g·bw during 90 days feeding administration; there was no significant difference in bw and food consumption; no significant differences were found in each hematology and serum biochemistry parameter and organ/body weight ratio comparing with the control experimental group. The results revealed that the FSLT has low or no toxicity via oral administration. Therefore, FSLT is very suitable and safe to be used as a new resource food.     

牛磺酸对运动能力影响的研究进展

牛磺酸是一种含硫条件性必需氨基酸,是人和动物机体内不可缺少的一种生理活性物质。牛磺酸对于机体的运动能力有着重要的影响,本文在介绍牛磺酸的代谢过程及生理作用的基础上,对目前国内外关于补充牛磺酸与提高人体的运动能力的关系、牛磺酸的安全性及副作用等方面研究情况做一综述。牛磺酸已开发成颇具潜力的抗运动性疲劳的营养补充剂,同时在医药、卫生、保健等领域里也具有广泛商业价值和社会价值。     

The production of volatile compounds in model casein systems with varying fat levels as affected by low-frequency ultrasound

The effects of low-frequency ultrasound on the production of volatile compounds in model casein protein systems containing various fat concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% (w/w) were investigated. Ultrasound application was performed at 20 kHz for up to 10 min which corresponded to energy densities ranging from 9.54 to 190.8 J mL⁻¹. Similar volatile compounds were detected both in pure fat and mixtures of casein and fat (CF) systems. These volatiles belonged to the groups of aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons, which were the products of oxidation of lipids or protein degradation due to acoustic cavitation. The amount of fat in the casein systems had minor effects on the production of volatiles, whereas the production of volatile compounds was significantly affected by the ultrasound treatment. Short sonication times <5 min generated similar volatile profiles to the untreated samples. In contrast, prolonged sonication for 5 and 10 min considerably increased the production of volatile compounds and the amounts of fatty acids. Thus, the application of low–frequency ultrasound for short periods should be considered to minimise the production of volatile compounds which can ultimately affect the taste.     

Auto-thermal reforming of acetic acid for hydrogen production by ZnxNiyCrOm±δ catalysts: Effect of Cr promoted Ni-Zn intermetallic compound

A series of Zn_xNi_yCrO_m±δ catalysts were synthesized via a typical co-precipitation method, in which Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were found and Ni-Zn intermetallic compound (IMC) was formed after reduction in hydrogen. During auto-thermal reforming (ATR) of acetic acid (HAc), the Ni-Zn IMC was transformed into Ni/(amorphous-ZnO)-ZnCr₂O₄ species with uniformed distribution and appropriate interaction within these Ni-Zn-Cr-O species; besides, the adsorbed oxygen promoted the activation and transfer of oxygen species; therefore, deactivation by oxidation, sintering and coking was inhibited. And the optimized Zn_2.37Ni_0.63CrO_4.5±δ catalyst presented high activity and stability in a 45-h ATR test with HAc conversion near 100% and hydrogen yield at 2.7 mol-H₂/mol-HAc, showing potential for hydrogen production via ATR of HAc.     

异步电机的模糊控制研究

阐述了模糊控制器用于交流电动机调速的控制方法,重点讨论了简单模糊控制、复合模糊控制等几种典型的模糊控制方法和技术,分析了各自的特点和存在的问题,并给出了模糊控制的实现方法和手段,说明了模糊控制适应非线性时变、滞后系统控制的特点。     

膨润土复合絮凝剂制备及造纸黑液治理

针对碱法麦草浆造纸黑液的特殊性质，介绍一种用钙基膨润土制备高效复合絮凝剂的方法．经试验研究．优选出了制备时的最佳工艺条件；产品经应用于此类黑液的处理絮凝．取得了较好的效果。     

高碱灰渣烧结熔融过程中的物相变化

为了掌握高碱灰渣烧结熔融过程中的物相变化规律，选取黑液煤浆灰渣展开研究.试验中采用经低温灰化后，粒径为38.5~74.0 μm的灰样，在不同温度下测出烧结率.然后对烧结灰进行XRD物相分析和SEM微区结构分析.结果表明：高碱灰渣具有很强的烧结熔融特性，这主要是因为大量较低熔点的黝方石、蓝方石、霞石、无水芒硝等物相生成.高碱灰渣钠基化合物的物相变化过程为黝方石（Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄SO₄）、无水芒硝（Na₂SO₄)黝方石、霞石（Na₆KAl₇Si₉O₃₂)蓝方石（K_1.6Ca_2.4Na_4.32(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)_1.52）、霞石（NaAlSiO₄）.